LIFESTYLE NEWS - Hypertension is at the root of heart disease and, if left untreated, it can cause heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure, as well as organ damage.
Commonly referred to as 'the silent killer', high blood pressure (or hypertension) often has no symptoms and greatly increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. South Africa has the highest prevalence of hypertension in Southern Africa, and also has the largest number of people whose blood pressure is still not controlled, even while on treatment.
During National Stroke Week, 28 October to 3 November, and on World Stroke Day, 29 October, awareness was raised regarding the link between hypertension and stroke.
"It is estimated that about 30,4%, or 1 in 3 adults in South Africa, have high blood pressure," says Dr Martin Mpe, president of the Southern African Hypertension Society. Read "According to the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS) of 2016, there may be even higher prevalence, of around 46% in females and 44% in males above the age of 15 years."
Essential (primary) high blood pressure has no established cause, and accounts for more than 95% of cases of high blood pressure. Secondary high blood pressure, on the other hand, has an underlying cause. This includes kidney disease, hormonal problems and disease of the aorta.
One high blood pressure reading is not enough for a diagnosis of hypertension and additional tests may be needed. "Most people will have higher readings when under physical or emotional stress. Blood pressure should be measured when you are relaxed and rested," says Mpe.
Lifestyle is a key factor in the prevention and management of hypertension. Generally, people who have high blood pressure also have some of the other risks for heart disease and stroke, such as not getting enough physical activity, having unhealthy eating habits, using too much salt, smoking, being overweight or drinking too much alcohol.
Eating lots of fresh fruit and vegetables, as well as aerobic exercise, is highly recommended.
Adherence to treatment is crucial. This includes taking medication, following a diet, and making lifestyle changes as recommended by a healthcare provider. Take your medication exactly as directed, even if you feel well. It is impossible to feel the damage that could be occurring inside of your body until it is too late.
The best way to diagnose high blood pressure is to have your blood pressure checked regularly. Your doctor, local pharmacy or clinic can all assist you with blood pressure tests.
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