The 53-year-old has endured a difficult time since leaving his post as the head coach of Ireland to lead West Indies.
In September last year, he was suspended over his comments about team selection before being reinstated.
The Windies board cited "differences in culture and strategic approach" after Simmons' "public pronouncements and approach internally".
Simmons had questioned the omissions of all-rounders Dwayne Bravo and Kieron Pollard from the one-day squad last year, for which he was suspended by the West Indies Cricket Board.
